Understanding Tendons and Ligaments

Tendons are strong, cord-like tissues that connect muscles to bones, allowing movement of the fingers, thumb and wrist. Flexor tendons run from the forearm to the fingers and thumb, enabling bending movements and playing a crucial role in hand function.

Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing joint stability and preventing abnormal motion.

In the hand and wrist, these structures work together to balance strength, flexibility and precision. Injury to either can disrupt this balance and impair daily activities.

Common Tendon and Ligament Injuries We Treat

Tendon Injuries

• Flexor tendon injuries affecting the ability to bend the fingers or thumb
• Extensor tendon injuries impacting finger or wrist straightening
• Tendonitis and tenosynovitis caused by inflammation or overuse
• Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) causing catching or locking of the finger
• De Quervain’s tenosynovitis affecting tendons on the thumb side of the wrist

Therapy and splinting are often required to restore movement following flexor tendon injury.

Ligament Injuries

Ligament injuries of the hand and wrist commonly affect joint stability and function and may include:

• Wrist sprains from ligament stretching or tearing
• Scapholunate or lunotriquetral ligament injuries leading to wrist instability
• Collateral ligament injuries of the fingers or thumb
• Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries of the thumb related to forceful stress

Causes of Tendon and Ligament Injuries

These injuries may result from:

• Repetitive motion or overuse
• Sports or occupational strain
• Falls or traumatic impact
• Lacerations or penetrating injuries that damage underlying soft tissues
• Sudden forceful gripping or twisting
• Inflammatory or systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis

Some injuries develop gradually, while others occur suddenly due to trauma.

Symptoms of Tendon and Ligament Injuries

Symptoms vary based on severity and location but commonly include:

• Pain with movement or gripping
• Swelling or inflammation
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion
• Weakness or loss of finger or wrist control
• Catching, popping or locking sensations
• Instability or joint looseness
• Numbness or tingling if nearby nerves are involved

Persistent symptoms or functional limitations should be evaluated by a hand specialist.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Evaluation may include:

• Detailed medical history and physical examination
• Assessment of motion, strength and joint stability
• On-site X-rays to rule out fractures
• Advanced imaging such as MRI or ultrasound when soft tissue injury is suspected
• Electrodiagnostic testing when nerve involvement is a concern

Early diagnosis improves outcomes and may reduce the need for surgery.

Blood Vessel and Nerve Involvement

The wrist and hand contain a dense network of ligaments, tendons, blood vessels and nerves working together to support movement and strength. In complex tendon or ligament injuries, nearby blood vessels or nerves may also be affected.

Scar tissue formation during healing can sometimes place pressure on adjacent nerves or blood vessels, leading to symptoms such as numbness, weakness, stiffness or persistent pain. Reduced blood flow or nerve involvement can impair sensation, grip strength and fine motor coordination.

A thorough physical examination combined with appropriate imaging helps identify both soft tissue damage and any associated nerve or vascular involvement. Early recognition allows for timely treatment and improved long-term outcomes.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Many tendon and ligament injuries respond well to conservative care, especially when treated early. Non-surgical options may include:

• Activity modification and rest
• Splinting or bracing to stabilize the joint or tendon during healing
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Corticosteroid injections when appropriate
• Hand therapy or occupational therapy
• Ergonomic adjustments and guided exercises

These treatments focus on reducing inflammation, restoring motion and preventing further injury.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgery may be recommended when injuries are severe, unstable or do not improve with conservative care. Surgical procedures may include:

• Tendon repair or reconstruction
• Ligament repair or stabilization
• Tendon sheath release procedures
• Minimally invasive techniques when appropriate

All surgical decisions are carefully tailored to the patient’s condition, activity level and recovery goals.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery depends on injury severity, tissue healing time and the treatment approach used. Rehabilitation may involve:

• Temporary immobilization
• Gradual return of motion under supervision
• Hand therapy to restore strength and flexibility
• Progressive functional retraining

Adhering to a structured rehabilitation plan is essential for optimal recovery and long-term hand function.

When to See a Hand and Wrist Specialist

You should seek orthopedic evaluation if you experience:

• Persistent hand or wrist pain
• Loss of finger or wrist motion
• Joint instability or weakness
• Locking, catching or snapping sensations
• Swelling that does not improve
• Symptoms following trauma or injury

Prompt care helps prevent chronic pain, stiffness or permanent loss of function.

Expert Tendon and Ligament Care at OrthoTexas

OrthoTexas provides comprehensive care for tendon and ligament injuries of the hand and wrist. From early diagnosis and conservative treatment to advanced surgical solutions, our orthopedic hand specialists focus on restoring strength, stability and reliable movement.